Lead paint was used in buildings constructed before 1978 and is a significant health hazard, particularly for children. Lead exposure causes developmental delays, learning disabilities, reduced IQ, and neurological damage. Adult exposure causes reproductive effects and high blood pressure. Any renovation disturbing lead paint requires containment and special procedures. Renovation activities including paint removal, surface preparation, and demolition release lead dust. Uncontrolled lead dust spreads throughout the building and creates hazards. Lead abatement requires licensed contractors trained in lead safety. Work areas are contained with plastic sheeting and negative pressure equipment. Air is exhausted through HEPA filtration to prevent release to the outside air. Workers wear supplied air respirators protecting against lead dust inhalation. Protective clothing is removed in stages to prevent tracking lead dust outside the work area. All surfaces in the work area are cleaned with HEPA vacuums and wet-wiped. Dry sweeping or vacuuming without HEPA filters spreads lead dust. Waste containing lead is disposed according to EPA and local requirements. Lead can be encapsulated (covered with paint or sealant) instead of removed in some applications. Encapsulation is more cost-effective but leaves the lead in place. If encapsulation fails or is compromised, the lead is again exposed. Medical surveillance including blood lead level testing documents worker exposure. Elevated blood lead levels require medical intervention and work modifications. Pregnant workers or women of child-bearing age require careful assessment of lead hazards. Employee notification of lead hazards is required; all workers must understand the health effects and precautions.