Net-zero: annual energy production >= consumption. Strategy: reduce demand (Passive House envelope, LED, efficient HVAC) + produce (rooftop/ground-mount solar PV). All-electric: heat pump HVAC, heat pump water heater, induction cooktop. Battery storage for resilience. EUI target: 15-25 kBtu/sf/yr (vs 70+ conventional). Certification: DOE Zero Energy Ready Home, ILFI Net Zero. Cost premium: 10-20% over code-minimum. ROI: 7-15 years depending on utility rates. Grid-tied with net metering typical.