Equipment operators control excavators, bulldozers, loaders, and other earthmoving machines. Most jurisdictions don't require formal licensing but employers often require certifications. Training includes equipment operation, safety, and site awareness. Work includes grading, excavation, material movement, and site preparation. Operators must understand equipment capabilities, safety protocols, and site conditions. Typical hourly rates range from $35-$70. Union equipment operators belong to the International Union of Operating Engineers (IUOE). Specializations include precision grading, underwater excavation, and specialty equipment (hoe-rams, grapples). Skills development includes CAD grade control systems.