HVAC technicians design, install, and maintain heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems. Most jurisdictions require EPA refrigerant certification and many require state/local HVAC licenses. Training typically includes 4-5 year apprenticeships. Work includes sizing equipment, installing ductwork, programming controls, and troubleshooting systems. HVAC technicians work with various refrigerants (R-410A, R-454B), ductwork materials, and control technologies. Typical hourly rates range from $40-$75. Union HVAC technicians belong to the Sheet Metal Workers union or IBEW depending on specialization. Specializations include building automation, energy recovery, geothermal systems, and radiant heating. Technicians must follow EPA regulations, ASHRAE standards, and local building codes.