Ironworkers fabricate and erect structural steel, miscellaneous metal, and ornamental ironwork. Trade training typically includes 3-4 year apprenticeships. Work includes structural steel erection, welding, bolting, ornamental metal installation, and curtain wall systems. Ironworkers must be comfortable working at heights and operating heavy equipment. Certifications include welding certs (SMAW, GMAW, FCAW), rigging certs, and fall protection. Typical hourly rates range from $40-$85. Union ironworkers belong to the International Association of Bridge, Structural, Ornamental and Reinforcing Iron Workers union. Safety is critical; all ironworkers must complete fall protection and rigging training. Work environments range from simple structural bolting to complex high-rise welding.