The rough electrical inspection occurs after all wiring is installed in the walls but before insulation and drywall. What inspectors check: (1) Correct wire gauge for circuit amperage — 14 AWG for 15A, 12 AWG for 20A, 10 AWG for 30A, (2) GFCI protection at all required locations per NEC 210.8 — bathrooms, kitchen counters, garage, outdoor, laundry, (3) AFCI protection per NEC 210.12 — all habitable rooms in dwellings, (4) Box fill calculations — not exceeding NEC 314.16 limits, (5) Grounding and bonding — continuous equipment grounding conductor, bonding at panel, water pipe bonding, (6) Nail plates where cables pass within 1.25 inches of stud edge per NEC 300.4, (7) Smoke and CO detector wiring — interconnected, on dedicated circuit, (8) Dedicated circuits: 2x 20A kitchen, 1x 20A bathroom, 1x 20A laundry, 1x 20A garage, (9) Panel labeling — every circuit identified, (10) Proper cable support — stapled within 12 inches of box and every 4.5 feet. Common fail reasons: missing GFCI (especially garage and outdoor), wrong wire gauge on kitchen/bathroom circuits, nail plates missing, insufficient box fill. Average inspection time: 30-60 minutes for residential.