SPC (Stone Polymer Composite) LVP: rigid core of limestone + PVC, vinyl wear layer, printed design layer, backing with attached pad. Thickness: 4-8 mm. Wear layer: 12-28 mil (20 mil+ for commercial). Click-lock installation — floating, no adhesive. Waterproof: can install in kitchens, bathrooms, basements. Installation: over most existing floors, subfloor flatness ±3/16 in per 10 ft. No acclimation needed. Expansion gap: 1/4 in. Underlayment: attached or separate 1-2 mm. Cost: $2-$7/sf material, $1-$3/sf install. Lifespan: 15-25 years (limited refinishability). Disadvantages: not biodegradable, can off-gas VOCs (look for FloorScore certified), dents under heavy point loads. CSI 09 65 16. SPC vs WPC: SPC denser/thinner, WPC softer/quieter.