Electrical rough-in is the installation of conduit, wire, and electrical boxes before walls are closed with drywall. Proper rough-in installation is critical for efficient system operation and future maintenance. The sequence typically follows: (1) planning of conduit routes, (2) installation of electrical boxes, (3) installation of conduit, (4) installation of wire, and (5) testing before closure. Electrical boxes are installed at outlet, switch, and appliance locations. Boxes must be securely fastened to framing members and at the correct height (typically 12 to 18 inches for outlets, 48 inches for switches). The electrical panel location is determined early and must meet code requirements including accessibility and clearance. Conduit routing must avoid structural members and mechanical systems. Conduit is sized for the number and size of wires it will contain; the National Electrical Code (NEC) specifies fill percentages. Typical branch circuits use 1/2-inch or 3/4-inch conduit. Service and feeder circuits use larger conduit. Conduit is fastened to framing every 3 feet and at changes of direction. Support spacing must prevent sagging and stress on connections. Wire pulling is done after conduit is completely installed. Wire size is determined by circuit amperage; 15-amp circuits typically use 14 AWG wire, 20-amp circuits use 12 AWG. All wire connections must be made in electrical boxes using approved connectors. Wire color coding (black for hot, white for neutral, green for ground) is mandatory. Testing of circuits must be done before walls are closed to verify proper installation. All circuits must be tested for continuity and ground-fault protection must be verified. Documentation of circuit locations and amperage ratings must be provided for future reference.