Light-gauge steel framing uses cold-formed steel members (studs, joists, tracks, and bracing) as an alternative to wood framing. Steel members are typically 3.5, 4, or 6 inches deep with web thickness from 12 to 18 mils (thousandths of an inch). Steel framing offers advantages including non-combustibility, dimensional stability, resistance to rot and insect damage, and high strength-to-weight ratio. The framing system uses track (channel-shaped) members at the top and bottom of walls and floor systems, with studs or joists fastened between the tracks. Connections are made with self-drilling, self-tapping screws or bolts rather than nails. Proper fastening procedure is critical because inadequate fastening can result in failure. Spacing is typically 16 or 24 inches on center depending on load and member size. Steel members may be galvanized for corrosion resistance or powder-coated for additional durability. In coastal environments, stainless steel or hot-dip galvanized steel resists salt corrosion. Sheathing and bracing are similar to wood framing; plywood, OSB, or specialty sheathing products provide lateral bracing. Electrical and plumbing routing through steel members requires careful planning as holes must be drilled through steel rather than cut in soft wood. Thermal bridging through steel members can result in heat loss unless insulation is added on the exterior of the steel frame. Cold-formed steel connection details are specified in the International Building Code and approved engineering documents. Workers require training on proper fastening techniques as assembly methods differ from wood framing.