LOTO: prevent unexpected startup of equipment during maintenance. Steps: 1) Notify affected employees. 2) Shut down equipment using normal procedures. 3) Isolate all energy sources (electrical, hydraulic, pneumatic, mechanical, thermal, chemical, gravitational). 4) Apply lockout devices and tags to each isolation point. Each worker applies their own lock. 5) Release stored energy (bleed hydraulic lines, discharge capacitors, block elevated parts). 6) Verify zero energy state — attempt to start equipment. 7) Perform work. 8) Remove locks in reverse order — only the person who applied a lock removes it. Locks: individually keyed, one per worker. Tags: 'DANGER — Do Not Operate.' Group lockout: designated authorized employee coordinates. Training: authorized, affected, and other employees. Annual inspection of procedures.