Near-miss incidents (also called near-hits or unsafe acts/conditions without injury) are valuable sources of safety information. Investigating near-misses identifies hazards before they cause injuries. A near-miss might indicate a hazard is about to cause serious injury. The phenomenon of loss of statistical control suggests some near-misses lead to injuries; therefore preventing all near-misses prevents injuries. Near-miss reporting systems encourage employees to report unsafe conditions and acts without fear of discipline. Employers should create a system where near-miss reports are investigated and corrective actions taken. Employees reporting near-misses should be recognized and thanked rather than disciplined. Discipline for near-misses discourages reporting and prevents learning from the incidents. Analysis of near-miss patterns identifies common hazards. If multiple near-misses involve the same equipment or location, targeted controls are needed. Correction of near-miss hazards prevents future injuries. Documentation of near-misses and corrective actions demonstrates commitment to safety. Trends in near-miss data guide safety program improvements. Employee participation in near-miss investigations increases buy-in and improves solutions. Frontline workers often identify better solutions than management. Safety culture where everyone watches for hazards and reports near-misses reduces incident rates. Some organizations have experienced dramatic reductions in injuries through robust near-miss programs. Training on hazard recognition increases near-miss reporting.