HomeKnowledgeIPC 2024 Table 403.1 — Minimum Plumbing Fixtures
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IPC 2024 Table 403.1 — Minimum Plumbing Fixtures

Updated Mar 25, 2026
Minimum number of plumbing fixtures by occupancy type. Business: 1 WC per 25 males, 1 per 25 females. Assembly: 1 per 75 males, 1 per 40 females. Drinking fountains: 1 per 100 occupants.

Table 403.1 specifies minimum plumbing fixtures based on occupancy type and occupant load (calculated per IBC Table 1004.5). Key requirements — Assembly (A-1 theaters): WC 1 per 125 male / 1 per 65 female. Assembly (A-2 restaurants): WC 1 per 75 male / 1 per 75 female. Business (B offices): WC 1 per 25 male / 1 per 25 female, plus 1 service sink. Educational (E): WC 1 per 50 male / 1 per 50 female. Mercantile (M): WC 1 per 100 male / 1 per 100 female. Residential (R-2 apartments): 1 WC, 1 lav, 1 tub/shower, 1 kitchen sink per unit. All public-use toilet rooms must be accessible per ICC A117.1. Hot water required at lavatories in food service and healthcare. Separate facilities required when total occupant load exceeds 15. This table directly impacts building design — restroom count drives floor plan layout, plumbing risers, and construction cost.

TAGS
plumbingfixturesipcrestroomwater-closetoccupant-load
DETAILS
chapter
4 - Fixtures, Faucets and Fixture Fittings
severity
prescriptive
code year
2024
code system
IPC
building types
["commercial_office","restaurant","retail","school"]
section number
Table 403.1
RELATED KNOWLEDGE
📋 Code
IBC 903.2.1 — Group A Occupancies (Sprinkler Requirements)
Automatic sprinkler system required throughout buildings with Group A occupancy where fire area exceeds 5,000 square feet, or overall building area exceeds 12,000 square feet, or occupant load of the fire area exceeds 300.
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IBC 903.2.7 — Group M Occupancies (Retail Sprinkler Requirements)
Automatic sprinkler system required in Group M (mercantile) occupancies where fire area exceeds 12,000 square feet or building is more than three stories above grade.
📋 Code
IBC 903.2.11.3 — Buildings 55 Feet or More in Height
Automatic sprinkler system required throughout buildings with a floor level having an occupant load of 30 or more that is located 55 feet or more above the lowest level of fire department vehicle access.
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IBC 1015.1 — Exit and Exit Access Doorways Required
Two exits or exit access doorways required from any space where occupant load exceeds the table values. Spaces with occupant load exceeding 500 require a minimum of 3 exits. Spaces exceeding 1,000 require 4 exits.
📋 Code
IBC 1017.2 — Exit Access Travel Distance
Maximum travel distance from any point in a building to an exit shall not exceed 200 feet unsprinklered or 250 feet sprinklered for most occupancies. Specific occupancies have modified limits.
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IBC Table 601 — Fire-Resistance Rating Requirements
Specifies minimum fire-resistance ratings for structural elements based on construction type (Type I through V). Type IA requires 3-hour rated structural frame, 2-hour floors, and 1.5-hour roof.
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